Which glass and crystal materials can BY Photonics machine?

We machine JGS1 UV fused silica, JGS2 and JGS3 fused quartz, borosilicate glass, optical glass, optical color filter glass, infrared glass, samarium- and cerium-doped glass, sapphire, PTFE-based diffuse reflector material and laser ceramics.

What is the difference between JGS1, JGS2 and JGS3 quartz glass?

JGS1 is synthetic UV-grade fused silica with high transmission from about 185 nm. JGS2 is fused quartz for the visible range with good UV transmission from about 220 nm. JGS3 is infrared-grade fused quartz with low OH content that transmits up to about 3,500 nm.

Which drawing formats should I send for a custom part?

STEP, IGES, DWG, DXF or a dimensioned PDF are all accepted. Please include material, quantity, critical tolerances, surface quality, coating and the operating environment of the part.

How quickly will I receive engineering feedback?

Our engineers review complete drawings and return a manufacturability assessment within 24 hours on working days.

Do you support prototypes and export shipping?

Yes. We support prototype and low-volume orders as well as repeat batch production, and our components are shipped to customers worldwide.

Custom Precision Glass Machining Manufacturer & Factories

Precision Portfolio Showcase

High-Spec Machined Glass & Laser Cavity Components

Engineered to exact OEM drawings. Sub-micron geometric dimensional tolerances, optical-grade laser surface qualities, and pristine vacuum finishes.

High-Quality Candela Laser Head Triple Bore Old and New Version In Stock Manufacturer, Factory

Candela Laser Head Triple Bore (Old & New Version)

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High Temperature Custom Quartz Glass Fabrication

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Custom Precision Quartz Glass Fabrication

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Custom Sapphire IPL Light Guide Block Used for Laser IPL Hair Removal Handle Manufacturer, Manufacturers

Sapphire IPL Light Guide Block for Aesthetic Handles

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High-Quality Ceramic Cavities For Nd YAG Laser Supplier, Factories

Ceramic Cavities for Solid-State Nd:YAG Laser

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Quartz Optical Windows for Semiconductor Lithography

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Custom Borofloat 33® Glass Wafers for Semiconductor Manufacturers, Factories

Borofloat 33® Glass Wafers for Semiconductor Packaging

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High-Quality Chemical Resistant Custom Quartz Glass Parts Fabrication Supplier, Factories

Chemical Resistant Quartz Components & Manifolds

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Supply Chain Excellence

Strategic Advantages of Precision Glass Machining in China

Combining complete vertical mineral supply chains, advanced multi-axis CNC clusters, and competitive production velocity for global OEM leaders.

Full Ingot-to-Component Supply Chain

Direct domestic access to raw synthetic silica, crystal quartz, and grown sapphire ingots significantly reduces bulk raw material procurement lead times and shields buyers from international geopolitical supply bottlenecks.

Integrated Dual-Discipline Facilities

Unlike regional workshops limited strictly to CNC cold grinding, Chinese facilities like BY Photonics maintain oxyhydrogen thermal flame welding, capillary pulling, and CNC diamond tooling in a single, closed-loop facility.

Rapid Prototype-to-Volume Scalability

Transition from a 3-piece custom optical R&D run to 50,000-unit monthly production cycles within weeks, supported by continuous toolpath optimization, scalable multi-spindle lines, and in-line metrology.

Macro Solutions

Next-Generation Optical Solutions for Global Industries

Hard and brittle materials machined to strict international optical and mechanical standards across mission-critical systems.

Semiconductor Front-End Lithography & Etching

Semiconductor fabrication requires high thermal stability and resistance to reactive halogen plasma. We manufacture synthetic high-purity quartz gas distribution showerheads, wafer transport boats, vacuum viewports, and Borofloat 33® carrier wafers with sub-micron thickness uniformity (TTV < 2 μm) and minimal trace metal impurities (< 5 ppb).

High-Power Industrial & Medical Laser Cavities

Solid-state laser generators, Alexandrite hair removal apparatus, and Nd:YAG resonators require active mitigation of parasitic oscillations. We produce high-precision flow tubes and triple-bore cavity plates using Samarium-doped glass (Sm-doped) to absorb 1064 nm amplified spontaneous emission, paired with high-reflectivity sintered PTFE laser reflectors.

Biomedical Diagnostics & In-Vitro Microfluidics

For high-throughput genome sequencing, chromatography, and flow cytometry, background fluorescence must be eliminated. Our ultra-pure JGS1 synthetic quartz flow cells and micro-capillary arrays deliver 92% deep-UV transmission down to 185 nm, smooth inner walls (Ra < 0.4 nm), and leak-tight molecular optical bonding without organic adhesives.

Aerospace Avionics & Extreme Sensor Protection

High-speed avionics, downhole directional drilling, and pressure sensors require viewing windows that withstand abrasive sands, hydrofluoric acid vapors, and high pressure. Our C-plane single-crystal sapphire viewing plates (Mohs hardness 9) and tempered fused quartz viewports maintain mechanical integrity up to 1,100 °C.

Manufacturing Infrastructure

BY Photonics Operational Footprint

Combining modern metrology, specialized diamond machining centres, and deep material science expertise since 2010.

15+

Years of Precision Machining Experience

120+

High-Precision CNC & Cold-Processing Units

λ/10

Optical Flatness Wavefront Verification

20-10

Laser-Grade Scratch-Dig Surface Quality

Material Selection Guide

Precision Substrate Performance Reference

Compare mechanical, thermal, and optical performance specifications to determine the right material for your application.

Substrate Material	Transmission Band	Max Working Temp	Thermal Expansion (×10⁻⁷/K)	Primary Industrial Use Case
JGS1 Synthetic Fused Silica	185 nm – 2,500 nm	~1,100 °C	5.5	Deep-UV lithography optics, laser windows, excimer optics
JGS2 Optical Fused Quartz	220 nm – 2,500 nm	~1,100 °C	5.5	Optical sight glasses, laser flashlamp flow tubes, carriers
JGS3 Infrared Fused Quartz	260 nm – 3,500 nm	~1,100 °C	5.5	Infrared sensors, pyrometer viewports, thermal instruments
Borofloat 33® Borosilicate	350 nm – 2,500 nm	~450 °C	32.5	Anodic wafer bonding, MEMS encapsulation, microfluidics
Single-Crystal Sapphire (Al₂O₃)	170 nm – 5,500 nm	~1,800 °C	58.0	High-pressure windows, IPL light guides, plasma viewports
Samarium-Doped Glass (Sm)	Filters < 400 nm & 1064 nm	~400 °C	85.0	Solid-state laser flow tubes, ASE suppression filters

Industry Outlook

Emerging Trends in Precision Glass Machining

Key technological shifts redefining hard-brittle substrate fabrication tolerances, throughput, and functional integration.

Ductile-Mode Diamond Machining

Traditional grinding relies on brittle micro-fracture mechanisms that create sub-surface cracks. The industry is moving toward high-stiffness ultra-precision diamond machining operating in the plastic ductile regime, delivering mirror finishes (Ra < 1 nm) directly from cutting spindles without extended secondary polishing.

Femtosecond Laser Micromachining & SLE

Ultrafast pulses minimize heat-affected zones, enabling crack-free internal micro-channels, high-aspect-ratio capillary holes (> 50:1), and selective laser-induced etching (SLE) for monolithic 3D optical and microfluidic structures inside fused quartz blocks.

Adhesive-Free Silicate & Plasma Bonding

Demanding semiconductor and aerospace applications increasingly prohibit optical epoxy due to outgassing and UV solarization. Chemically activated plasma bonding and hydroxide-catalysis bonding achieve near-monolithic shear strength at the atomic interface across quartz-to-quartz joints.

Procurement Intelligence

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Technical clarity for optical design teams, supply chain directors, and manufacturing engineers.

How does BY Photonics prevent micro-cracks and sub-surface damage in CNC-machined quartz?

Sub-surface damage (SSD) is mitigated through a multi-stage manufacturing sequence: rough diamond core removal, multi-axis semi-finishing under high-pressure flood coolant to manage thermal shock, ductile-mode contouring, and complete chemical etching or precision thermal flame annealing. This relieves residual lattice stress and eliminates crack-propagation points, ensuring mechanical strength and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) integrity.

What is the functional difference between JGS1, JGS2, and JGS3 quartz substrates?

JGS1 is synthetic fused silica made from chemical precursors (SiCl₄), offering near-zero bubble inclusions and exceptional transmission from 185 nm to 2,500 nm with negligible UV absorption. JGS2 is melted natural quartz crystal, ideal for UV-visible applications from 220 nm to 2,500 nm, providing high strength at a lower cost. JGS3 is manufactured using specialized low-moisture vacuum fusion methods to reduce hydroxyl (OH⁻) ions below 5 ppm, eliminating the 2,730 nm OH absorption band and providing clean optical transmission out to 3,500 nm.

Can you machine complex internal cavities and micro-channels in glass substrates?

Yes. We regularly produce multi-bore laser cavity flow tubes, internal cooling passages, manifold bodies, and microfluidic channels using 5-axis ultrasonic CNC diamond machining, precision micro-hole grinding, and selective laser modification, supplemented by optical-grade flame polishing for transparent internal flow surfaces.

What engineering inspection data and quality assurance documentation are provided?

Every production batch includes full material raw certifications, raw lot melt indices, dimensional reports from coordinate measuring machines (CMM) and laser micrometers, surface roughness profilometry (Zygo white-light interferometry), scratch-dig inspection conforming to MIL-PRF-13830B / ISO 10110 standards, and transmission spectrophotometer charts upon request.

What CAD formats and project specifications are needed for a manufacturing quotation?

We accept 3D models in STEP (.stp), IGES (.igs), and 2D mechanical engineering prints in DWG, DXF, or dimensioned vector PDFs. For an efficient review, please include critical tolerances, clear aperture requirements, surface quality (scratch-dig), required bevels, coating needs (e.g., dual-band AR), and anticipated delivery volumes.

Advanced Product Catalog